Reaction: acyl-CoA + reduced acceptor + O2 = Δ12-acyl-CoA + acceptor + 2 H2O
Glossary: oleoyl-CoA = cis-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA = 18:1 cis-9 = 18:1(n-9)
linoleoyl-CoA = cis,cis-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl-CoA = (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl-CoA = 18:2(n-6)
Other name(s): Δ12 fatty acid desaturase; Δ12(ω6)-desaturase; oleoyl-CoA Δ12 desaturase; Δ12 desaturase; Δ12-desaturase
Systematic name: acyl-CoA,hydrogen donor:oxygen Δ12-oxidoreductase
Comments: In the yeast Lipomyces starkeyi [3] and in the American cockroach [1], this microsomal enzyme converts oleoyl-CoA into linoleoyl-CoA. In the moths Cadra cautella and Spodoptera, the enzyme converts (Z)-tetradec-9-enoic acid into (9Z,12E)-tetradeca-9,12-dienoic acid, which is reduced and acetylated to form the acetate ester pheromone [2].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, Metacyc, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Borgeson, C.E., de Renobales, M. and Blomquist, G.J. Characterization of the Δ12 desaturase in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana: the nature of the substrate. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1047 (1990) 135-140. [PMID: 2248971]
2. Jurenka, R.A. Biosynthetic pathway for producing the sex pheromone component (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate in moths involves a Δ12 desaturase. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 53 (1997) 501-505. [PMID: 9230926]
3. Lomascolo, A., Dubreucq, E. and Galzy, P. Study of the Δ12-desaturase system of Lipomyces starkeyi. Lipids 31 (1996) 253-259. [PMID: 8900454]
4. Tocher, D.R., Leaver, M.J. and Hodgson, P.A. Recent advances in the biochemistry and molecular biology of fatty acyl desaturases. Prog. Lipid Res. 37 (1998) 73-117. [PMID: 9829122]