Continued from EC 5.2
EC 5.3.1 Interconverting Aldoses and Ketoses
EC 5.3.2 Interconverting Keto- and Enol-Groups
EC 5.3.3 Transposing C=C Bonds
EC 5.3.4 Transposing S-S Bonds
EC 5.3.99 Other Intramolecular Oxidoreductases
Accepted name: triose-phosphate isomerase
Reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate
For diagram of reaction click here, alternative click here.
Other name(s): phosphotriose isomerase; triose phosphoisomerase; triose phosphate mutase; D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, PDB, CAS registry number: 9023-78-3
References:
1. Meyer-Arendt, E., Beisenherz, G. and Bücher, T. Triosephosphate isomerase. Naturwissenschaften 40 (1953) 59 only.
2. Meyerhof, O. and Beck, L.V. Triosephosphate isomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 156 (1944) 109-120.
[EC 5.3.1.2 Deleted entry: erythrose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.2 created 1961, deleted 1976)]
Accepted name: arabinose isomerase
Reaction: D-arabinose = D-ribulose
Other name(s): D-arabinose(L-fucose) isomerase; D-arabinose isomerase; L-fucose isomerase; D-arabinose ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-arabinose aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: Also acts on L-fucose and, more slowly, on L-galactose and D-altrose.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, CAS registry number: 9023-81-8
References:
1. Cohen, S.S. Studies on D-ribulose and its enzymatic conversion to D-arabinose. J. Biol. Chem. 201 (1953) 71-84.
2. Green, M. and Cohen, S.S. Enzymatic conversion of L-fucose to L-fuculose. J. Biol. Chem. 219 (1956) 557-568.
Accepted name: L-arabinose isomerase
Reaction: L-arabinose = L-ribulose
Other Name(s): L-arabinose ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: L-arabinose aldose-ketose-isomerase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, CAS registry number: 9023-80-7
References:
1. Heath, E.C., Horecker, B.L., Smyrniotis, P.Z. and Takagi, Y. Pentose formation by Lactobacillus plantarum. II. L-Arabinose isomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 231 (1958) 1031-1037.
2. Nakamatu, T. and Yamanaka, K. Crystallization and properties of L-arabinose isomerase from Lactobacillus gayonii. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 178 (1969) 156-165. [PMID: 5773448]
Accepted name: xylose isomerase
Reaction: D-xylose = D-xylulose
Other name(s): D-xylose isomerase; D-xylose ketoisomerase; D-xylose ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-xylose aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: Some enzymes also convert D-glucose to D-fructose.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, PDB, CAS registry number: 9023-82-9
References:
1. Hochster, R.M. and Watson, R.W. Enzymatic isomerization of D-xylose to D-xylulose. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 48 (1954) 120-129.
2. Slein, M.W. Xylose isomerase from Pasteurella pestis, strain A-1122. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 1663-1667.
3. Yamanaka, K. Purification, crystallization and properties of the D-xylose isomerase from Lactobacillus brevis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 151 (1968) 670-680. [PMID: 5646045]
Accepted name: ribose-5-phosphate isomerase
Reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate
For diagram of reaction click here, alternative click here.
Other name(s): phosphopentosisomerase; phosphoriboisomerase; ribose phosphate isomerase; 5-phosphoribose isomerase; D-ribose 5-phosphate isomerase; D-ribose-5-phosphate ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-ribose-5-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: Also acts on D-ribose 5-diphosphate and D-ribose 5-triphosphate.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, PDB, CAS registry number: 9023-83-0
References:
1. Dickens, F. and Williamson, D.H. Pentose phosphate isomerase and epimerase from animal tissues. Biochem. J. 64 (1956) 567-578.
2. Horecker, B.L., Smyrniotis, P.Z. and Seegmiller, J.E. The enzymatic conversion of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose-5-phosphate and ribose-5-phosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 193 (1951) 383-396.
3. Hurwitz, J., Weissbach, A., Horecker, B.L. and Smyrniotis, P.Z. Spinach phosphoribulokinase. J. Biol. Chem. 218 (1956) 769-783.
Accepted name: mannose isomerase
Reaction: D-mannose = D-fructose
Other name(s): D-mannose isomerase; D-mannose ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-mannose aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: Also acts on D-lyxose and D-rhamnose.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, CAS registry number: 9031-25-8
References:
1. Palleroni, N.J. and Doudoroff, M. Mannose isomerase of Pseudomonas saccharophila. J. Biol. Chem. 218 (1956) 535-548.
Accepted name: mannose-6-phosphate isomerase
Reaction: D-mannose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate
For diagram click here.
Other name(s): phosphomannose isomerase; phosphohexomutase; phosphohexoisomerase; mannose phosphate isomerase; phosphomannoisomerase; D-mannose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-mannose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: A zinc protein.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, PDB, CAS registry number: 9023-88-5
References:
1. Bruns, F.H., Noltmann, E. and Willemsen, A. Phosphomannose-isomerase. I. Über die Aktivitätsmessung und die Sulfhydryl-sowie die metallabhängigkeit der Enzymirkung in einigen Tierischen Geweben. Biochem. Z. 330 (1958) 411-420.
2. Gracy, R.W. and Noltmann, E.A. Studies on phosphomannose isomerase. II. Characterization as a zinc metalloenzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 243 (1968) 4109-4116. [PMID: 4969968]
3. Slein, M.W. Phosphomannose isomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 186 (1950) 753-761.
Accepted name: glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
Reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate
For diagram of reaction click here, alternative click here.
Other name(s): phosphohexose isomerase; phosphohexomutase; oxoisomerase; hexosephosphate isomerase; phosphosaccharomutase; phosphoglucoisomerase; phosphohexoisomerase; phosphoglucose isomerase; glucose phosphate isomerase; hexose phosphate isomerase; D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-glucose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: Also catalyses the anomerization of D-glucose 6-phosphate.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, PDB, CAS registry number: 9001-41-6
References:
1. Baich, A., Wolfe, R.G. and Reithel, F.J. The enzymes of mammary gland. I. Isolation of phosphoglucose isomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 235 (1960) 3130-3133.
2. Nakagawa, Y. and Noltmann, E.A. Isolation of crystalline phosphoglucose isomerase from brewers' yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 240 (1965) 1877-1881.
3. Noltmann, E. and Bruns, F.H. Reindarstellung und Eigenschaften von Phosphoglucose-isomerase aus Hefe. Biochem. Z. 331 (1959) 436-445.
4. Noltmann, E.A. Isolation of crystalline phosphoglucose isomerase from rabbit muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 239 (1964) 1545-1550.
5. Ramasarma, T. and Giri, K.V. Phosphoglucose isomerase of green gram (Phaseolus radiatus). Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 62 (1956) 91-96.
6. Tsuboi, K.K., Estrada, J. and Hudson, P.B. Enzymes of the human erythrocytes. IV. Phosphoglucose isomerase, purification and properties. J. Biol. Chem. 231 (1958) 19-29.
[EC 5.3.1.10 transferred entry: now EC 3.5.99.6 glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (EC 5.3.1.10 created 1961, deleted 2000)]
[EC 5.3.1.11 Deleted entry: acetylglucosaminephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.11 created 1961, deleted 1978)]
Accepted name: glucuronate isomerase
Reaction: D-glucuronate = D-fructuronate
Other name(s): uronic isomerase; uronate isomerase; D-glucuronate isomerase; uronic acid isomerase; D-glucuronate ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-glucuronate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: Also converts D-galacturonate to D-tagaturonate.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, PDB, CAS registry number: 9023-87-4
References:
1. Ashwell, G., Wahba, A.J. and Hickman, J. Uronic acid metabolism in bacteria. I. Purification and properties of uronic acid isomerase in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 235 (1960) 1559-1565.
2. Kilgore, W.W. and Starr, M.P. Catabolism of galacturonic and glucuronic acids by Erwinia carotovora. J. Biol. Chem. 234 (1959) 2227-2235.
Accepted name: arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase
Reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate
Other name(s): arabinose phosphate isomerase; phosphoarabinoisomerase; D-arabinose-5-phosphate ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-arabinose-5-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, CAS registry number: 9023-86-3
References:
1. Volk, W.A. Purification and properties of phosphoarabinoisomerase from Propionibacterium pentosaceum. J. Biol. Chem. 235 (1960) 1550-1553.
Accepted name: L-rhamnose isomerase
Reaction: L-rhamnose = L-rhamnulose
Other name(s): rhamnose isomerase; L-rhamnose ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: L-rhamnose aldose-ketose-isomerase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, PDB, CAS registry number: 9023-84-1
References:
1. Domagk, G.F. and Zech, R. Über den Abbau der Desoxyzucker durch Bakterienenzyme. I. L-Rhamnose-Isomerase aus Lactobacillus plantarum. Biochem. Z. 339 (1963) 145-153.
Accepted name: D-lyxose ketol-isomerase
Reaction: D-lyxose = D-xylulose
Other name(s): D-lyxose isomerase; D-lyxose ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-lyxose aldose-ketose-isomerase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, CAS registry number: 37318-42-6
References:
1. Anderson, R.L. and Allison, D.P. Purification and characterization of D-lyxose isomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 240 (1965) 2367-2372.
Accepted name: 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide isomerase
Reaction: 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxyribulos-1-ylamino)methylideneamino]-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide
For diagram click here.
Other name(s): N-(5'-phospho-D-ribosylformimino)-5-amino-1-(5"-phosphoribosyl)-4-imidazolecarboxamide isomerase; phosphoribosylformiminoaminophosphoribosylimidazolecarboxamide isomerase; N-(phosphoribosylformimino) aminophosphoribosylimidazolecarboxamide isomerase; 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide aldose-ketose-isomerase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, PDB, CAS registry number: 37318-43-7
References:
1. Margolies, M.N. and Goldberger, R.F. Isolation of the fourth (isomerase) of histidine biosynthesis from Salmonella typhimurium. J. Biol. Chem. 241 (1966) 3262-3269. [PMID: 5330429]
Accepted name: 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose-uronate ketol-isomerase
Reaction: 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose uronate = 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate
Other name(s): 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexulose uronate isomerase
Systematic name: 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose-uronate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, CAS registry number: 37318-44-8
References:
1. Preiss, J. 4-Deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose uronic acid isomerase. Methods Enzymol. 9 (1966) 602-604.
[EC 5.3.1.18 Deleted entry: glucose isomerase. Reaction is due to EC 5.3.1.9 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, in the presence of arsenate, or EC 5.3.1.5 xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.18 created 1972, deleted 1978)]
[EC 5.3.1.19 Transferred entry: now EC 2.6.1.16 glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (isomerizing) (EC 5.3.1.19 created 1972, deleted 1984)]
Accepted name: ribose isomerase
Reaction: D-ribose = D-ribulose
Other name(s): D-ribose isomerase; D-ribose ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-ribose aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: Also acts on L-lyxose and L-rhamnose.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, CAS registry number: 57534-76-6
References:
1. Izumori, K., Rees, A.W. and Elbein, A.D. Purification, crystallization, and properties of D-ribose isomerase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. J. Biol. Chem. 250 (1975) 8085-8087. [PMID: 240851]
Accepted name: corticosteroid side-chain-isomerase
Reaction: 11-deoxycorticosterone = 20-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-al
Other Name(s): 11-deoxycorticosterone ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: 11-deoxycorticosterone aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: An epimerization at C-20 and C-21 is probably catalysed by the same enzyme.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, CAS registry number: 75139-73-0
References:
1. Martin, K.O., Oh, S.-W., Lee, H.J. and Monder, C. Studies on 21-3H-labeled corticosteroids: evidence for isomerization of the ketol side chain of 11-deoxycorticosterone by a hamster liver enzyme. Biochemistry 16 (1977) 3803-3809. [PMID: 901753]
2. Monder, C., Martin, K.O. and Bogumil, J. Presence of epimerase activity in hamster liver corticosteroid side chain isomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 255 (1980) 7192-7198. [PMID: 7391077]
Accepted name: hydroxypyruvate isomerase
Reaction: hydroxypyruvate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate
Other Name(s): hydroxypyruvate ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: hydroxypyruvate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, CAS registry number: 74812-48-9
References:
1. De Windt, F.E. and van der Drift, D. Purification and some properties of hydroxypyruvate isomerase of Bacillus fastidiosus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 613 (1980) 556-562. [PMID: 7448201]
Accepted name: S-methyl-5-thioribose-1-phosphate isomerase
Reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate = S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
For diagram click here.
Other name(s): methylthioribose 1-phosphate isomerase; 1-PMTR isomerase; 5-methylthio-5-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate ketol-isomerase; S-methyl-5-thio-5-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate ketol-isomerase; S-methyl-5-thio-5-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase; 1-phospho-5′-S-methylthioribose isomerase; S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose-1-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Systematic name: S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose-1-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, CAS registry number: 91608-95-6
References:
1. Ghoda, L.Y., Savarese, T.M., Dexter, D.L., Parks, R.E., Jr., Trackman, P.C. and Abeles, R.H. Characterization of a defect in the pathway for converting 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine to methionine in a subline of a cultured heterogeneous human colon carcinoma. J. Biol. Chem. 259 (1984) 6715-6719. [PMID: 6725268]
2. Trackman, P.C. and Abeles, R.H. Methionine synthesis from 5'-S-methylthioadenosine - resolution of enzyme-activities and identification of 1-phospho-5-S-methylthioribulose. J. Biol. Chem. 258 (1983) 6717-6720. [PMID: 6853500]
3. Furfine, E.S. and Abeles, R.H. Intermediates in the conversion of 5'-S-methylthioadenosine to methionine in Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 9598-9606. [PMID: 2838472]
Accepted name: phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase
Reaction: N-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)anthranilate = 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate
For diagram click here.
Other name(s): PRA isomerase; PRAI; IGPS:PRAI (indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthetase/N-5'-phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase complex); N-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)anthranilate ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: N-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)anthranilate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: In some organisms, this enzyme is part of a multifunctional protein, together with one or more other components of the system for the biosynthesis of tryptophan [EC 2.4.2.18 (anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase), EC 4.1.1.48 (indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase), EC 4.1.3.27 (anthranilate synthase) and EC 4.2.1.20 (tryptophan synthase)].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, PDB, CAS registry number: 37259-82-8
References:
1. Braus, G.H., Luger, K., Paravicini, G., Schmidheini, T., Kirschner, K. and Hütter, R. The role of the TRP1 gene in yeast tryptophan biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 7868-7875. [PMID: 3286643]
2. Creighton, T.E. and Yanofsky, C. Chorismate to tryptophan (Escherichia coli) - anthranilate synthetase, PR transferase, PRA isomerase, InGP synthetase, tryptophan synthetase. Methods Enzymol. 17A (1970) 365-380.
3. Hütter, R., Niederberger, P. and DeMoss, J.A. Tryptophan biosynthetic genes in eukaryotic microorganisms. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 40 (1986) 55-77.
Accepted name: L-fucose isomerase
Reaction: L-fucose = L-fuculose
Other Name(s): L-fucose ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: L-fucose aldose-ketose-isomerase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, PDB, CAS registry number: 60063-83-4
References:
1. Lu, Z., Lin, E.C.C. The nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli genes for L-fucose dissimilation. Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (1989) 4883-4884. [PMID: 2664711]
Accepted name: galactose-6-phosphate isomerase
Reaction: D-galactose 6-phosphate = D-tagatose 6-phosphate
Other Name(s): D-galactose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase
Systematic name: D-galactose-6-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: involved in the tagatose 6-phosphate pathway of lactose catabolism in bacteria.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, CAS registry number: 39433-98-2
References:
1. De Vos, W.M., Boerrigter, I., Van Rooijen, R.J., Reiche, B., Hengstenberg, W. Characterization of the lactose-specific enzymes of the phosphotransferase system in Lactococcus lactis. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 22554-22560. [PMID: 2125052]
2. Van Rooijen, R.J., Van Schalkwijk, S., De Vos, W.M. Molecular cloning, characterization, and nucleotide sequence of the tagatose 6-phosphate pathway gene cluster of the lactose operon of Lactococcus lactis. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 7176-7181. [PMID: 1901863]
Accepted name: 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase
Reaction: D-arabino-hex-3-ulose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate
For diagram of reaction, click here
Other name(s): 3-hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase; phospho-3-hexuloisomerase; PHI; 6-phospho-3-hexulose isomerase; YckF
Systematic name: D-arabino-3-hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase
Comments: This enzyme, along with EC 4.1.2.43, 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, plays a key role in the ribulose-monophosphate cycle of formaldehyde fixation, which is present in many microorganisms that are capable of utilizing C1-compounds [1]. The hyperthermophilic and anaerobic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 constitutively produces a bifunctional enzyme that sequentially catalyses the reactions of EC 4.1.2.43 (3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase) and this enzyme [4].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Ferenci, T., Strøm, T. and Quayle, J.R. Purification and properties of 3-hexulose phosphate synthase and phospho-3-hexuloisomerase from Methylococcus capsulatus. Biochem. J. 144 (1974) 477-486. [PMID: 4219834]
2. Yurimoto, H., Kato, N. and Sakai, Y. Assimilation, dissimilation, and detoxification of formaldehyde, a central metabolic intermediate of methylotrophic metabolism. Chem. Rec. 5 (2005) 367-375. [PMID: 16278835]
3. Kato, N., Yurimoto, H. and Thauer, R.K. The physiological role of the ribulose monophosphate pathway in bacteria and archaea. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 70 (2006) 10-21. [PMID: 16428816]
4. Orita, I., Yurimoto, H., Hirai, R., Kawarabayasi, Y., Sakai, Y. and Kato, N. The archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii possesses a bifunctional enzyme for formaldehyde fixation via the ribulose monophosphate pathway. J. Bacteriol. 187 (2005) 3636-3642. [PMID: 15901685]
5. Martinez-Cruz, L.A., Dreyer, M.K., Boisvert, D.C., Yokota, H., Martinez-Chantar, M.L., Kim, R. and Kim, S.H. Crystal structure of MJ1247 protein from M. jannaschii at 2.0 Å resolution infers a molecular function of 3-hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase. Structure 10 (2002) 195-204. [PMID: 11839305]
6. Taylor, E.J., Charnock, S.J., Colby, J., Davies, G.J. and Black, G.W. Cloning, purification and characterization of the 6-phospho-3-hexulose isomerase YckF from Bacillus subtilis. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 57 (2001) 1138-1140. [PMID: 11468398]
Accepted name: D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate isomerase
Reaction: D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate = D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate
Other name(s): sedoheptulose-7-phosphate isomerase; phosphoheptose isomerase; gmhA (gene name); lpcA (gene name)
Systematic name: D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate aldose-ketose-isomerase
Comments: In Gram-negative bacteria the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose, which is utilized for assembly of the lipopolysaccharide inner core. In Gram-positive bacteria the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of GDP-D-glycero-α-D-manno-heptose, which is required for assembly of S-layer glycoprotein.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Kneidinger, B., Marolda, C., Graninger, M., Zamyatina, A., McArthur, F., Kosma, P., Valvano, M.A. and Messner, P. Biosynthesis pathway of ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 184 (2002) 363-369. [PMID: 11751812]
2. Kneidinger, B., Graninger, M., Puchberger, M., Kosma, P. and Messner, P. Biosynthesis of nucleotide-activated D-glycero-D-manno-heptose. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 20935-20944. [PMID: 11279237]
3. Valvano, M.A., Messner, P. and Kosma, P. Novel pathways for biosynthesis of nucleotide-activated glycero-manno-heptose precursors of bacterial glycoproteins and cell surface polysaccharides. Microbiology 148 (2002) 1979-1989. [PMID: 12101286]
4. Kim, M.S. and Shin, D.H. A preliminary X-ray study of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate isomerase from Burkholderia pseudomallei. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. 65 (2009) 1110-1112. [PMID: 19923728]
5. Taylor, P.L., Blakely, K.M., de Leon, G.P., Walker, J.R., McArthur, F., Evdokimova, E., Zhang, K., Valvano, M.A., Wright, G.D. and Junop, M.S. Structure and function of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate isomerase, a critical enzyme for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and a target for antibiotic adjuvants. J. Biol. Chem. 283 (2008) 2835-2845. [PMID: 18056714]
Accepted name: phenylpyruvate tautomerase
Reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate
Other name(s): phenylpyruvic keto-enol isomerase
Systematic name: phenylpyruvate keto—enol-isomerase
Comments: Also acts on other arylpyruvates.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, PDB, CAS registry number: 9023-54-5
References:
1. Blasi, F., Fragonmele, F. and Covelli, I. Thyroidal phenylpyruvate tautomerase. Isolation and characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 244 (1969) 4864-4870. [PMID: 5824560]
2. Knox, W.E. p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate enol-keto tautomerase. Methods Enzymol. 2 (1955) 289-295.
3. Knox, W.E. and Pitt, B.M. Enzymic catalysis of the keto-enol tautomerization of phenylpyruvic acids. J. Biol. Chem. 225 (1957) 675-688.
Accepted name: oxaloacetate tautomerase
Reaction: keto-oxaloacetate = enol-oxaloacetate
Other name(s): oxalacetic keto-enol isomerase
Systematic name: oxaloacetate keto—enol-isomerase
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, CAS registry number: 37318-45-9
References:
1. Annett, R.G. and Kosicki, G.W. Oxalacetate keto-enol tautomerase. Purification and characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 244 (1969) 2059-2067. [PMID: 5781999]
Accepted name: TDP-4-oxo-6-deoxy-α-D-glucose-3,4-oxoisomerase (dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranose-forming)
Reaction: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose = dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranose
Other name(s): dTDP-6-deoxy-hex-4-ulose isomerase; TDP-6-deoxy-hex-4-ulose isomerase; FdtA
Systematic name: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose:dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranose isomerase
Comments: The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-α-D-galactose. Four moieties of α-D-rhamnose and two moities of 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-α-D-galactose form the repeating unit of the glycan chain in the S-layer of the bacterium Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Pfoestl, A., Hofinger, A., Kosma, P. and Messner, P. Biosynthesis of dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-α-D-galactose in Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus L420-91T. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 26410-26417. [PMID: 12740380]
2. Davis, M.L., Thoden, J.B. and Holden, H.M. The x-ray structure of dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-3,4-ketoisomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 282 (2007) 19227-19236. [PMID: 17459872]
Accepted name: TDP-4-oxo-6-deoxy-α-D-glucose-3,4-oxoisomerase (dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose-forming)
Reaction: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose = dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose
Other name(s): TDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-3,4-ketoisomerase (ambiguous); Tyl1a; dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-3,4-ketoisomerase (ambiguous)
Systematic name: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose:dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose isomerase
Comments: The enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of D-mycaminose.
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, CAS registry number:
References:
1. Melancon, C.E., 3rd, Hong, L., White, J.A., Liu, Y.N. and Liu, H.W. Characterization of TDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose-3,4-ketoisomerase from the D-mycaminose biosynthetic pathway of Streptomyces fradiae: in vitro activity and substrate specificity studies. Biochemistry 46 (2007) 577-590. [PMID: 17209568]